Amber, with its mesmerizing beauty and unique properties, has captivated people for centuries. However, its popularity has also given rise to the production of imitation or substitute materials that mimic its appearance. As a consumer or a jewelry retailer, it’s crucial to be able to distinguish genuine amber from fakes to ensure the authenticity and value of your purchase. In this blog post, we will guide you through the process of identifying genuine amber and understanding the various substitutes commonly found in the market.
- Understanding Genuine Amber:
Genuine amber, also known as fossilized tree resin, is formed over millions of years. It is prized for its warm, golden hues, unique inclusions, and natural translucency. When assessing amber, consider the following factors:
a. Visual Appearance: Genuine amber should have a rich color range, from pale yellow to deep orange or even red. It may contain inclusions such as tiny insects, plant matter, or air bubbles, which add to its value and authenticity.
b. Weight and Density: Amber is lightweight and buoyant. It should float in a saltwater solution with a specific gravity of around 1.0 to 1.1.
c. Warmth and Static Electricity: When rubbed vigorously, genuine amber produces a distinct aroma similar to pine or resin. It also develops static electricity, attracting lightweight objects like paper or hair.
d. Hardness and Surface Texture: Amber has a relatively low hardness compared to other gemstones. It can be scratched with a sharp object but is resistant to most household chemicals. Genuine amber should have a smooth, polished surface. - Common Amber Substitutes:
Unfortunately, the market is flooded with various amber substitutes that attempt to replicate the appearance of genuine amber. Here are some commonly found substitutes and how to identify them:
a. Copal: Copal is a young form of resin that has not fully fossilized into amber. It closely resembles genuine amber but lacks the millions of years of aging. Copal is softer and has a stickier feel. It also lacks the distinctive pine resin scent of genuine amber.
b. Plastic and Synthetic Resins: Some plastics and synthetic resins can imitate the look of amber. They may have a more uniform appearance, lack natural inclusions, and exhibit a higher gloss or shine. These materials may also feel colder to the touch compared to genuine amber.
c. Glass: Glass imitations can mimic the transparency and color of amber. However, they lack the unique inclusions and natural variations found in genuine amber. Glass imitations often have a uniform appearance and a higher hardness compared to real amber. Glass is noticeably lighter than amber. Glass in the hands is cold compared to amber.
d. Other Organic Resins: Various plant resins, such as dammar or pine resin, can resemble amber. However, these substitutes lack the unique properties and characteristics specific to genuine amber. - Conducting Simple Tests:
To further assess the authenticity of amber, you can perform a few simple tests:
a. Saltwater Test: Dissolve 7 to 10 tablespoons of salt in a glass of water until fully saturated. Genuine amber should float in this solution, while most substitutes, like plastic or glass, will sink.
b. Rubbing Test: Gently rub the amber against a soft cloth or wool. Genuine amber will develop static electricity and attract lightweight objects.
c. Acetone Test: Place a small drop of acetone on an inconspicuous area of the amber. Genuine amber is resistant to acetone, while substitutes may become tacky or dissolve. - Seek Expert Opinions:
When in doubt, it’s always wise to consult experts in the field of gemology or experienced amber specialists. They have the knowledge and tools to conduct advanced tests, such as infrared spectroscopy or X-ray examination, to determine the authenticity of amber. We recommend several experts in Europe – Amber Experts or IAA .
As the demand for amber continues to grow, so does the prevalence of fake or substitute materials in the market. Being able to distinguish genuine amber from imitations is essential for both consumers and jewelry retailers. By understanding the visual, tactile, and chemical properties of genuine amber, as well as the characteristics of common substitutes, you can make informed decisions and ensure the authenticity and value of your amber purchases. Remember, when in doubt, consult experts to gain further clarity and confidence in identifying genuine amber. Embrace the timeless beauty and allure of genuine amber, knowing that you are wearing or offering a piece of nature’s captivating treasure.